Doorashada shuruudaha ganacsiga saxda ah ee ganacsiga caalamiga ah ayaa muhiim u ah labada dhinacba si loo xaqiijiyo macaamil ganacsi oo wanaagsan oo guuleysta. Waa kuwan saddex arrimood oo ay tahay in la tixgeliyo marka la dooranayo shuruudaha ganacsiga:
Khatarta: Heerka khatarta ah in qolo kastaa ay diyaar u tahay inay qaadato waxay kaa caawin kartaa go'aaminta muddada ganacsiga ee habboon. Tusaale ahaan, haddii iibsaduhu rabo inuu yareeyo khatartooda, waxa laga yaabaa inay door bidaan erey sida FOB (Board-ka bilaashka ah) halkaas oo iibiyuhu qaadayo mas'uuliyadda ku rarida badeecada markabka rarida. Haddii iibiyuhu rabo inuu yareeyo khatartiisa, waxa laga yaabaa inay door bidaan erey sida CIF (Qiimaha, Caymiska, Xamuulka) halkaas oo iibsaduhu qaato mas'uuliyadda caymisyada alaabta socdaalka.
Qiimaha: Qiimaha gaadiidka, caymiska, iyo canshuuraha kastamku aad bay u kala duwanaan karaan iyadoo ku xidhan muddada ganacsiga. Waa muhiim in la tixgeliyo cidda masuul ka noqon doonta kharashyadan oo lagu daro qiimaha guud ee wax kala iibsiga. Tusaale ahaan, haddii iibiyuhu ogolaado inuu bixiyo kharashka gaadiidka iyo caymiska, waxay ku dallici karaan qiimo sare si ay u daboolaan kharashyadaas.
Saadka: saadka ee rarida badeecada waxay sidoo kale saameyn kartaa doorashada xilliga ganacsiga. Tusaale ahaan, haddii alaabtu ay culus tahay ama ay culus tahay, waxa laga yaabaa inay aad waxtar u leedahay iibiyuhu inuu diyaariyo gaadiid iyo raritaan. Haddii kale, haddii alaabtu ay burburto, iibsadaha ayaa laga yaabaa inuu rabo inuu qaado mas'uuliyadda dhoofinta si loo hubiyo in alaabtu si degdeg ah u timaado oo xaalad wanaagsan ku jirto.
Qaar ka mid ah ereyada ganacsiga caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah EXW (Ex Works), FCA ( Qaade Lacag la'aan ah), FOB (Boardka Lacag-La'aanta ah), CFR (Kharashka iyo Xamuulka), CIF (Qiimaha, Caymiska, Xamuulka), iyo DDP (Cushuurta Bixinta). Waa muhiim in si taxadar leh dib loogu eego shuruudaha ikhtiyaarka ganacsi kasta oo aad kula heshiiyaan dhinaca kale ka hor inta aan la dhamaystirin wax kala iibsiga.
EXW (Ex Works)
Sharaxaad: Iibsaduhu waxa uu xanbaarsan yahay dhammaan kharashaadka iyo khataraha ku lug leh ka soo qaadista alaabta warshadda ama bakhaarka iibiyaha.
Farqiga: Iibiyuhu waxa uu u baahan yahay oo kaliya in uu alaabta u diyaar ah soo qaadis, halka iibsaduhu uu gacanta ku hayo dhammaan qaybaha kale ee rarida, oo ay ku jiraan fasaxa kastamka, gaadiidka, iyo caymiska.
Qoondaynta khatarta: Dhammaan khataraha kala wareejinta iibiyaha oo loo wareejiyo iibsadaha.
FOB (Bilaash Boodhka)
Sharaxaad: Iibiyuhu waxa uu dabooshaa kharashaadka iyo khataraha uu alaabta ku geynayo markabka, halka iibsaduhu u qaadanayo dhammaan kharashyada iyo khataraha ka baxsan meeshaas.
Farqiga: Iibsaduhu wuxuu qaadanayaa mas'uuliyadda kharashka rarida, caymiska, iyo fasaxa kastamka ee dhaafsiisan rarida markabka.
Qoondaynta khatarta: Kala wareejinta khatarta ah ee iibiyaha ilaa iibsadaha marka alaabtu dhaafto tareenka markabka.
CIF (Qiimaha, Caymiska iyo Xamuulka)
Sharaxaad: Iibiyuhu wuxuu mas'uul ka yahay dhammaan kharashyada la xiriira helitaanka badeecada dekedda uu u socdo, oo ay ku jiraan xamuulka iyo caymiska, halka iibsaduhu uu mas'uul ka yahay kharash kasta oo ku baxa badeecada ka dib marka ay timaado dekedda.
Farqiga: Iibiyuhu waxa uu gacanta ku hayaa maraakiibta iyo caymiska, halka iibsaduhu uu bixiyo cashuuraha kastamka iyo kharashyada kale marka uu yimaado.
Qoondaynta khatarta: Kala wareejinta khatarta ah ee iibiyaha una wareejinaya alaab-iibsadaha marka badeecadaha la geeyo dekedda loo socdo.
CFR (Qiimaha iyo Xamuulka)
Sharaxaad: Iibiyuhu waxa uu bixinayaa dhoofinta, laakiin maaha caymis ama kharash kasta oo la galay ka dib imaatinka dekedda.
Farqiga: Iibsaduhu waxa uu bixiyaa caymiska, cashuuraha kastamka iyo wixii kharash ah ee la galay ka dib imaatinka dekedda.
Qoondaynta khatarta: Kala wareejinta khatarta ah ee iibiyaha ee iibsadaha marka alaabtu saaran tahay markabka.
DDP (Waajibka la Bixiyay)
Sharaxaad: Iibiyuhu wuxuu alaabta geynayaa meel cayiman, wuxuuna mas'uul ka yahay labadaba kharashyada iyo khatarta ilaa ay ka gaaraan goobtaas.
Farqiga: Iibsaduhu wuxuu u baahan yahay oo kaliya inuu sugo alaabta si ay u yimaadaan goobta loogu talagalay iyada oo aan la qaadin mas'uuliyadda wax kharash ama khatar ah.
Qoondaynta khatarta: Dhammaan khataraha iyo kharashyada waxa bixinaya iibiyuhu.
DDU (Waajibka la keenay ee aan la bixin)
Sharaxaad: Iibiyuhu wuxuu alaabta geynayaa meel cayiman, laakiin iibsadaha ayaa mas'uul ka ah kharash kasta oo la xiriira soo dejinta alaabta, sida canshuuraha kastamka iyo kharashyada kale.
Farqiga: Iibsaduhu waxa uu xanbaarsan yahay kharashaadka iyo khataraha la xidhiidha soo dejinta alaabta.
Qoondaynta khatarta: Inta badan khataraha waxaa loo wareejiyaa iibsadaha marka la keeno, marka laga reebo khatarta lacag-bixin la'aanta.
Waqtiga boostada: Mar-11-2023
